Friday, October 27, 2006

Pumpkin Joy


A COOK'S GARDEN

All Hail the Great Pumpkin

By Barbara Damrosch
Special to The Washington Post
Thursday, October 26, 2006; Page H07

A big red pumpkin sits on my kitchen counter, the color of the sun when it is just about to set. It lights up the whole room. About 15 inches across, with a flattened shape, its name is Rouge Vif d'Etampes, a French heirloom introduced by Burpee in 1883. I will be enjoying it long after Halloween, but right now it is part of the celebration.

What we now call Halloween was once a great pagan holiday, a Celtic harvest festival called Samhain. Although later transformed by the church and renamed All Hallows Eve, it never really lost its foothold in the pre-Christian spirit world. Falling midway between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice, Samhain was one of two times during the year (Beltane on May 1 being the other) when the border between the corporeal and spiritual realms became permeable. The souls of the dead were welcomed, and bonfires were lighted to ward off the Sidhe -- the mischievous denizens of Faerie.


Halloween still has a bit of magic. It's a time when children are given license to be strange and scary, to wander around at night and eat normally forbidden sweets. But it has become a thoroughly American rite, with customs widely copied in Europe and beyond. Trick-or-treating, dressing up and carving pumpkins are essentially New World touches -- that and our knack for turning anything into an industry. How much self-expression is there in donning a SpongeBob SquarePants suit? Is there anything scary about masks with the faces of leading politicians? Well, okay, maybe.

Real pumpkins, on the other hand, hold their own quite well against their plastic rivals. As native New World fruits (botanically no different from squashes), they much delighted early European settlers. The perfect harvest symbol, large and nutritious, a pumpkin keeps well and even serves as a one-pot feast. A stew made and served in a pumpkin is glorious. So is the original pumpkin "pie" in which a custard is baked inside. I recently tried this with a four-pound pumpkin, filled with cream, eggs, honey, nutmeg and vanilla. What a hit! I dished out the filling and the flesh together right at the table, straight from the shell. I notice other cooks have taken to pumpkins, too. Menus are full of pumpkin ravioli, pumpkin risotto, pumpkin soup.

How the jack-o'-lantern tradition came about is an interesting tale. Unexplained lights at night have stirred imaginations from the time of the domestication of fire to the age of the UFO. The original "Jack" was a hapless trickster who was refused entrance to both heaven and hell, left to roam the countryside with a lantern made from a hollowed-out turnip. In imitation, homemade vegetable lanterns were carried to repel night-wandering spirits. One could be made from a rutabaga, a potato, a gourd, a beet or a mangel-wurzel, but it was the turnip lantern that Irish immigrants brought to our shores. They took one look at the far more showy and carvable pumpkin, and a new custom was born.

Seed catalogues reflect the pumpkin's popularity. Johnny's Selected Seeds ( http://www.johnnyseeds.com ) says it is the company's leading crop, with three pages of varieties bred for specific uses. For big-pumpkin contests (the record is 1,502 pounds), there's the quintessential Dill's Atlantic Giant. Those meant for carving have a wide range of shapes and sizes. "Painter" pumpkins are a recent innovation driven, I suspect, by the invention of the magic marker. They're smooth and often white. (Personally, I think the whole point of a Halloween pumpkin is the power of a face lit by fire.)

Baking, or "pie" pumpkins are especially sweet and flavorful, with small inner cavities and thick, smooth, dense, non-stringy flesh. Until recently, most cooking pumpkins were tall ovals, good for several Thanksgiving pies. But recently there has been a boom in small versions such as Baby Pam and an influx of large French heirlooms such as my cherished Rouge Vif. (It means "vivid red.") Once hard to find, it's now everywhere and sometimes sold as the Cinderella pumpkin. It cheers me just to look at it, and the soups it makes are like velvet. (I roast it first in chunks for extra flavor and freeze what I don't use right away.)

Other old French favorites include the ribbed, orange-tan Musqué de Provence ("musky"), and the exotic Brodé Galeux d'Eysines ("embroidered with pebbles"), its warty exterior concealing rich orange flesh. Like any pumpkins, these should be harvested before frost, handled with care, cured in a warm place, then stored in a cool but fairly dry location. Any one of them would make a magnificent creature for Halloween. But the ones you save for eating will be the real treat.



Check Out My Other Blogs (click on blog name to go there) = / 1.3rd Eye Blog / 2. Favorites Blog/ 3. Vita Excolatur (Living Well ...) Blog/ 4. Humor Me Blog/ 5. News and Current Events Blog/ 6. Consider This ... Blog/ 7. Consumer Warnings Blog/ 8. New Orleans Pentimento Blog/ 9. We Constant Gardeners Blog/ 10. Chaillot Family Blog/

Thursday, October 26, 2006

Friendly Vacation

If I would ever win a lottery - this is one of the ways some of that money would be spent. Enjoy (and think of whom YOU would invite on such a trip)

A Deluxe Vacation, Your Friends Included

AT LARGE The Mangus family and friends, above, on a yacht in the Greek isles.

By SHIVANI VORA
Published: October 26, 2006
IN June, Jon and Janie Mangus sailed around the Greek islands for eight days with their two grown daughters, their daughters’ boyfriends and a revolving cast of 10 close friends. Their 140-foot chartered yacht — six bedrooms and baths — stopped at Mykonos, Delos and Santorini where guests water-skied and took excursions. A four-star chef (part of a staff of seven) cooked meals that kept everyone laughing and talking for hours.
Skip to next paragraph

The Pinckert family and travel party in the Napa Valley.

The trip almost didn’t happen, said Ms. Mangus, 51, a retired high school teacher from Tiburon, Calif. When she and her husband first brought up the yachting idea, their friends balked at the estimated price of $16,000 a couple. But then Mr. Mangus, 64, unexpectedly received $250,000 from a property sale, and the couple decided the trip would be their treat.
“We couldn’t imagine going on this dream trip without our friends who are really special to us, but who we don’t get to spend large amounts of time with,” Ms. Mangus said.
A new trend is emerging in wealthy circles: the gift vacation — and not just a weekend trip to Disney World, either. Many affluent Americans are indulging in lavish, exotic trips and have decided that it would be even more enjoyable if they could surround themselves with friends and family members.
“As we place a premium on the time we have away from work, traveling with friends will continue to increase, and paying for friends would be an expected manifestation of that trend,” said Peter Yesawich, the chief executive of Yesawich, Pepperdine, Brown & Russell, a travel marketing firm.
Many gift vacations are tied to celebrations of a milestone birthday, anniversary or lucrative business deal. Abercrombie & Kent, an operator of luxury tours, has trained specialists to work with clients who want to travel with family and friends. It developed a new category of trips called Celebrations, and last year a third of the hundreds of Celebrations trips booked were paid for by a host, said Pamela Lassers, the company spokeswoman.
Mary Crowley, the owner of Ocean Voyages, the agency in Sausalito, Calif., that arranged the Manguses’ party, specializes in yacht charters. In 2005, she booked 25 to 30 group trips in which a host paid, up about sixfold from five years ago, she said.
Driving the trend are the increasing wealth of the top tier of Americans, and the diminishing time most people are able to devote to family and friends.
Still, treating friends to a vacation can be fraught with complications. An offer can be viewed as an insult, a way of underscoring income and social inequities. Sometimes it creates embarrassment and worries about reciprocation and obligation.
And then there is the matter of which friends to include and which to leave out — a problem that plagued Nancy Pinckert, and her husband, Byron, 56, both architects, when they chose nine people to join them last month for a luxurious three-night hotel stay at the Calistoga Ranch in the Napa Valley, complete with minibus transportation to wine and olive-oil tastings and dinner at the French Laundry in Yountville, Calif.
Ms. Pinckert, whose 50th birthday the trip celebrated, said she was careful not to mention it to friends she didn’t invite. “We thought about explaining why we couldn’t ask them,” she said. “But no matter how you try to position it, people feel rejected.”
The gift vacation, though, is rooted in the desire to be with those who matter most to you.
“Today, more than ever, friends are important because there is the likelihood of outliving a spouse with increased longevity,” said Jan Yager, a sociologist and author of “When Friendship Hurts.” “There is also divorce and prolonged singleness, so friends may be the key nonfamilial and nostalgic relationship. Those with money are able to say, ‘We are lucky to have this wealth. What counts is to be with our friends.’ ”
And more people can afford it. There are twice as many millionaires today as a decade ago — 9.3 million households in the United States, compared with 4.9 million in 1996, according to the soon-to-be-released Affluent Market Research report, which is produced by TNS, a research firm. The average age of America’s millionaires is 60.9, and most — 65.2 percent of them — said they earned their wealth.
And they seem more willing to spend it, and lavishly.
“Ten years ago, we wouldn’t have been able to even think about paying,” Ms. Mangus said. “But we’re at the stage in our lives where we can do something extraordinary.”
It’s not just older Americans, either. In the age of “Entourage,” many Gen Xers like to travel in packs. Those with the means have been known to pay for the rest.
“One of the things I miss most from my college days is hanging out with my friends,” said Ben Inker, 35, a Boston investment manager, who for the last three years has rented a Caribbean villa for a week in winter. He and his wife, Jenna, have invited a dozen or more pals, from different cities, whom they rarely see.
“My wife and I wanted unhurried, focused time with them in a really nice trip away,” Mr. Inker said. “Since everyone has different amounts of disposable income, it was easier for us to pay.”
There is a science to planning these trips, trying to synchronize everyone’s schedules. Mr. Inker said he lined up friends and amenities six months in advance.
The last two years, they settled on a seven-bedroom villa on Anguilla that faced the sea. It had seven and a half baths, a pool, tennis court, gym, tropical gardens, meditation area and a staff of 14. The property, called Cerulean Villa, starts at $33,000 for the week. But, Mr. Inker said, it was worth it: unstructured days spent swimming, snorkeling and eating fine meals prepared by the villa’s chef, with lots of hanging out “Friends” style.
The week offers more togetherness than you would get in a year, said Mike Offner, 36, Mr. Inker’s roommate from
Yale who has been on all three trips.
Yet even a Caribbean dream — or a Mediterranean Shangri-La — can have its down side.
Many invitees say they’re uncomfortable accepting an over-the-top freebie. Bill Smith, a partner at a wealth management firm in Burlington, N.C., anticipated as much when he paid for part of a golfing trip to Scotland for seven friends, to celebrate his 40th birthday.
Although Mr. Smith’s invitees live within a few hours’ drive and some are regular golf partners, he said nine holes isn’t enough time. “When we play, we are watching the clock because we have pressing work and family obligations,” he said. “I wanted to have uninterrupted time with them.”
Nancy K. Schlossberg, the author of “Retire Smart, Retire Happy,” said it’s more natural to play host. “Boomers were brought up in a time of economic prosperity, and some have a sense of entitlement,” said Dr. Schlossberg, formerly a professor at the
University of Maryland who specialized in how adults coped with transitions. “There is less fear, for those who have money, to spend it.”
It’s trickier on the receiving end. When Mr. Smith invited his golf buddies by phone, he pretended that his travel agent, Gordon Dalgleish, who owns Perry Golf, had found a deal where they would only pay airfare and meals, while tee time and accommodations would be free. “I worried that because of money reasons, everyone wouldn’t have been able to come,” he said.
But Bill Noble, 45, a friend of Mr. Smith’s, quickly caught on. He just didn’t believe that exclusive Scottish courses like Turnberry and St. Andrews would give them freebies. Plus, Mr. Noble added: “It didn’t feel right to accept such a big gift.” He eventually agreed to go because he knew the trip was a rare chance to play a week of nonstop golf with close friends.
One person Mr. Smith invited, though, did decline because he couldn’t accept his friend’s largesse.
At first, John and Patty Chaney, guests of the Manguses, felt squeamish, too. They accepted at Mr. Mangus’s insistence, but say they were jarred by the yacht itself. “It was one thing to hear about it, but once we saw how luxurious the boat was, we were uneasy,” said Mr. Chaney, a 64-year-old retired businessman from Portland, Ore.
Then there is the matter of the guest list. There was an uncomfortable moment when Mr. Smith invited another person after a guest dropped out of the golf outing because of back problems. “That guy knew he wasn’t on the original list,” Mr. Noble said. “It’s like he was lower on the pecking order.”
Friends who have benefited from an extravagant gift may feel beholden, Dr. Yager said. “To compensate for that feeling, they have this overwhelming need to reciprocate.”
Joe Brewer, who traveled to Scotland with Mr. Smith in May, said that when his friend’s actual birthday arrived in September, he felt a twinge of obligation that a call and a perfunctory bottle of wine couldn’t quell. “I felt like I had to do something a little bit more,” he said. So the seven vacationers contributed a few hundred dollars each and gave their host framed prints of the 10 courses they played together.


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Wednesday, October 25, 2006

Italy !

Just How Good Can Italy Get?

Photographs by Dino Fracchia for The New York Times; illustration by James Laish

Clockwise, from top left: sheep grazing in Piedmont; cheeses on display in Alba; in Bologna, fruits and vegetables and pastas, too, for sale; Massimo Bottura, the chef at Osteria La Francescana in Modena; Emilia-Romagna’s famed pigs grazing by the Po River; Parmesan cheeses aging in Polesine Parmense; some of Turin’s special chocolates; taking a whiff of white truffle; shaving it over thistles in Guido restaurant in Pollenzo.

Published: October 25, 2006

MY kind of pig heaven looks a lot like Bologna’s fatty heart.

Related

Readers’ Opinions

Forum: Dining Out

Dino Fracchia for The New York Times

In northern Italy, the culinary pleasures of the Piedmont region compete with those of nearby Emilia-Romagna. Above, the Tamburini shop in Bologna.

In the shops along and around Via Drapperie, haunches of cured ham dangle far into the distance. Coils of pork sausage spiral high into the sky. Bologna is the capital of Emilia-Romagna, and the region of Emilia-Romagna sees the beauty in swine, as the affiliation of one of its cities with a world-renowned delicacy makes clear. Here lies the plump mother lode of prosciutto di Parma.

And of Parmesan cheese. Wheels and wedges of it cram Bologna’s food stores, which allowed me to choose among Parmesan aged one year (not enough) or two years (just about perfect) or even five (oops). Looking up from the cheese, I was dazzled by the array of vegetables and fruits, their vividness reflecting how fertile this region is and how finicky its inhabitants are.

Could Italy get any better than this? In fact it could, and it does, if you head west and a bit north and delve into Piedmont, where there’s a humble burg called Barolo and another named Alba, which is as chummy with the white truffle as Parma is with ham.

On a recent week I divided my days almost evenly between these two regions, on a selfless mission to taste and compare the best of both. In my mind’s eye I cast them as contestants in a sort of bake-off, giving each the same opportunities — refined restaurants, rustic ones, marketplaces, vineyards — to show what it could do. Piedmont wound up with the prize.

I pitted the truffle against the pig, Turin’s taglierini against Bologna’s tortellini. I let Piedmont show off its chocolate, often mixed with hazelnuts, a marriage made famous by this region. I let Emilia-Romagna trot out its balsamic vinegar, yet another delicacy it sired.

I repeatedly indulged in vitello tonnato, whose dressing of anchovies and capers melds the salty notes so prominent in Piedmont cooking with the region’s sumptuous veal. I had room and time for only one serving of lasagne verdi, whose layers of béchamel, ground beef and spinach noodles captured the unapologetic heaviness of much of what Emilia-Romagna serves.

Even for someone who had visited them before, the regions held surprises. I had certainly eaten culatello, the Lamborghini of cured ham, produced around the Emilian town of Zibello, along the foggy banks of the Po River. But I had never tried the culatello made by Massimo Spigaroli, a master of the craft, from a special breed of black pigs that frolic in a fenced poplar forest, at least for a while. Once the frolicking is over, as their meat hangs and ages, it develops pinpricks of flavor reminiscent of Parmesan cheese. It’s utterly distinctive and unbelievably good.

Before this trip I was unfamiliar with finanziera, a Piedmont specialty that mingles various kinds of organ meat with butter, Marsala wine and porcini mushrooms, which are abundant in this region. The version of the dish put before me included veal sweetbreads as tender as any I’d come across and veal brain with the consistency and richness of custard. It could make an offal lover of anyone.

I didn’t choose these regions at random. Talk to any large group of people knowledgeable and passionate about Italian food and, unless the sample is stacked with seafood lovers, contrarians or Sicilians, Emilia-Romagna and Piedmont will probably be the culinary havens mentioned most often and ardently.

For Emilia-Romagna, it has long been thus. In a paperback edition of “The Food of Italy,” which was first published in 1971, Waverley Root devotes 111 pages to this region. Piedmont gets 38. In “Italy for the Gourmet Traveler,” published in 1996, Fred Plotkin flatly declares Emilia-Romagna “the most outstanding region in Italy” for eating. The shout-out for Piedmont is almost silent in comparison.

But acclaim for it has gotten louder in recent years, for several reasons, including the expanding ranks and intensifying zeal of wine lovers. In droves they make pilgrimages to Piedmont, whose steep slopes and chalky soil are a favorite nursery for nebbiolo, the noble grape in Barolos and Barbarescos, Italy’s best wines.

Piedmont responds with canny marketing. Everywhere you go you find glossy pamphlets about its cuisine, and in the center of Alba, on October and November weekends, you find a crush of visitors swarming an array of vendors selling Piedmont breads, cheeses and sausages. What was once a more focused white truffle market, which coincides with white truffle season, is now a broader food fair.

There’s another factor in Piedmont’s heightened profile, and it came up when I asked a hotel clerk in Bra to recommend an informal restaurant for an unceremonious bite. He wrongly took the question to mean I was in a hurry, and the sigh he let out was long and disapproving.

“In this town, food is a sort of religion,” he said, noting that the worldwide organization Slow Food was born in Bra — two decades ago — and has its headquarters there. Slow Food convenes international conferences in Piedmont and sponsors a two-year-old university near Bra, in Pollenzo, that focuses exclusively on the appreciation of food. The university has one additional campus — in Emilia-Romagna, near Parma, of course.

I BYPASSED Parma for Modena, which promised two very different restaurants: Hosteria Giusti, which is more than 400 years old, and Osteria La Francescana, where the chef, Massimo Bottura, incorporates avant-garde ideas and techniques into cooking that’s nonetheless rooted in the region and frequently superb.

He weds the trailblazing and the traditional in a dish that presents five different forms and ages of Parmesan, which appears as a sauce (18-month-old cheese), a foam (24 months), a creamy partner for fresh ricotta (30 months), an air (36 months) and a crisp frico (40 months). Except for the air, which was almost tasteless, these elements charted subtle, riveting escalations in sharpness, letting a diner wallow in Parmesan without wearying of it. Score one for Emilia-Romagna.

In dish after dish, Mr. Bottura showcased the region’s ingredients and traditions, about which he feels an obvious pride.

“There are some regions — they have what?” he said. “Some tomatoes? Buffalo mozzarella? I don’t want to be mean, but. ...” His voice trailed off as his actions hammered home his point. He was meting out shots of a 120-year-old apple vinegar. It tasted like a syrupy super-reduction of vast seas of cider, and it demonstrated all the permutations and exaltations of vinegar in Emilia-Romagna.

Just outside Modena, the Leonardi family, which has been making balsamic vinegar since 1871, produces a version aged only in juniper barrels, as opposed to a combination of juniper, oak, cherry, chestnut, ash and mulberry. Francesco Leonardi, who is now in charge of the business, dribbled some onto a spoon I was holding. It was faintly sweeter than its brethren, with a scent of evergreens.

Vinegar acts as an antidote to much of the region’s cuisine, which isn’t exactly delicate. At Giusti, where there are just four tables in a spare dining room behind a salumi shop that’s frequently shuttered, lunch began with a plate of gnocco fritto, puffs of fried dough with either culatello or lardo draped over them. There were also fried pucks of cotechino sausage, which were already plenty weighty without a sizzling romp through oil or, for that matter, the sauce of eggy zabaglione that Giusti gave them.

The Giusti meal managed to make the next day’s tasting of Mr. Spigaroli’s handiwork seem like a spa moment. On a table in his restaurant, Al Cavallino Bianco, which is just down the road from his sylvan pig-topia, he laid out his black-pig culatello and his spalla cruda, which is cured shoulder meat, a chewier, more muscular cut that he recently added to his array of salumi.

All the while he talked about the crucial dampness with which the Po, less than a quarter mile away, infuses the winds that blow into the musty, labyrinthine cellars where his meat cures. “In the summer, it’s awful here — hot, humid,” he said. “Then, in the winter, there’s cold and fog. This is the ideal climate for the culatello. But it’s not so great for the person.”

Unless that person adores culatello — its softness, its sweetness. After tasting Mr. Spigaroli’s, I was ready to research Zibello condos with central air and heat.

But I had one big reservation, along with several smaller ones. What would I drink? The gaping shortcoming of gastronomy in Emilia-Romagna is wine, and please don’t talk to me about fizzy, fruity lambrusco, which accompanied my meal at Giusti. It’s pleasant, easy and instantly forgettable.

The region is trying to do better. In its northwestern corner, where it might as well be Lombardy, there are lovely hills and different soil, more propitious for grapes other than lambrusco. There’s also an honorable winery, La Stoppa, that’s producing a Bordeaux-style blend, a malvasia and a barbera, all of which I tasted during a visit there.

Not once did I experience the kind of elation I did drinking wine in Piedmont, where there’s not only better barbera but also dolcetto, pelaverga and Gavi — the list goes on and on. At its summit, of course, is Barolo. The best one on this trip was by Ettore and Livia Fontana, and it was from 1990. Barolo needs some age.

Age has a lot to do with what makes Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna special. The regions have been rich enough long enough to hone traditions reserved for people who didn’t need to consume their food right away, and weren’t simply storing it for a dry season. That dynamic applies to cheeses, cured meats and balsamic vinegar, and it applies as well to big red wines.

I had the Fontana at the restaurant Guido in Pollenzo. Guido’s reputation is such that the only other time I ate there, in early 2004, the chef Alice Waters happened to be a table away. This time, my friend and I walked in behind two men who had driven there, for lunch, on motorcycles, from Austria. Talk about a road trip.

Like many great reds, this Barolo evolved in its decanter and our glasses, hinting of chocolate one moment and cherry cola another, adding a dimension to the meal that a wine from Emilia-Romagna would be hard pressed to. It bridged several dishes, including the finanziera; veal tongue wrapped in thinly shaved zucchini and carrot; agnolotti stuffed with ground veal; and a “stracotto” of veal “al cucchiaio,” those Italian words indicating that it is cooked gently for a long time in the hope that it can be eaten with a spoon.

Guido reminded me of how much Piedmont values veal, a fact too little noted in books about Italian cuisine. Piedmont’s take on steak tartare, called carne cruda, uses chopped veal. One of the specialties of Bra, which I sampled at a restaurant there named Badellino, is an uncooked, uncured and astonishingly tender sausage made from pork and veal.

And then of course there’s the veal in vitello tonnato, the best version of which I had at L’Osteria del Vignaiolo, on the outskirts of the hilltop town of La Morra. Like much of the veal in Piedmont, the meat in this dish was pink, rich and reminiscent of beef, suggesting that slightly older calves were being used.

Ugo Alciati, the chef at Guido, extolled the special breed used for Piedmont veal, the fact that calves get to graze and the rigid rules that protect them from antibiotics or hormones. “If a calf is sick,” he told me, “it is left to die.”

At Guido and at the restaurant Taverna di Frà Fiusch, which is about 10 miles outside Turin but feels 100 miles away, I grasped what I loved best about Piedmont’s signature pastas, agnolotti and taglierini, sometimes referred to as tajarin.

Agnolotti — like little, flimsy, less carefully shaped beggar’s purses — steal less attention from what they encase than Emilia-Romagna’s tightly wound tortellini. And taglierini, so much thinner than the tagliatelle prevalent around Bologna, come as close to angel hair as any pasta that refuses to be entirely diffident can. These noodles carry butter as if they were created to. And they’re precisely the bed any sensible white truffle would choose.

Butter is big in Piedmont, which nestles against France and in some ways mirrors it. As for white truffles, when Piedmont has them, it flaunts them, and they’re slightly less expensive to buy here than elsewhere. At Frà Fiusch, the taglierini with butter and white truffles cost about $24, which purchased a crazily generous measure of truffle.

At the Alba truffle market, I paid $28 for an early-season truffle about the size of a large chestnut. My friend and I turned it into a late-night snack, shaving it over hot buttered toast. Its perfume was fainter than that of a bigger, more mature truffle, but still: an affordable between-meals truffle encounter? Score many points for Piedmont.

This region doesn’t claim a cheese as widely celebrated as Parmesan, but it has cheesemakers aplenty. The ones I visited, Claudio and Anna Adami, who tend a flock of sheep at Cascina Raflazz on the steep mountain slopes around Paroldo, produce many different kinds, using milk from those sheep and from other farmers’ cows. They mix the two milks for murazzano, a cheese that can be aged for just a few weeks or for much longer.

One of the murazzanos they pulled out for me had been aged about four months, during which it had developed a crumbly texture and flavor not unlike Parmesan’s. It had a complexity all its own, showing off sweetness when it first hit the tongue, then tartness, and then, during its lingering finish, some of both.

In much of Italy, dessert is anticlimactic. Not in Piedmont, where groves of hazelnut trees cling to the hillsides and the tradition of chocolate making goes back centuries. Turin teems with elegant cafes that sell chocolate bonbons and serve hot chocolate drinks, some of them almost thick enough to qualify as puddings, topped with whipped cream.

Piedmont’s sweet obsessions were evident at the Laboratorio di Resistenza Dolciaria, a store and workshop in Alba operated by the brother-sister team of Federico and Cristina Molinari. Mr. Molinari is the pastry chef, responsible for such revelations as a shallow, dense tart made with goat cheese and a hazelnut paste that’s a riff on marzipan.

“Interesting, no?” Mr. Molinari said as I tasted it, his lips curling into a smile.

Oh, yes — like a tarter, sweeter, richer ricotta cheesecake. Equally interesting was a paste he makes with chocolate and Barolo chinato, a nebbiolo wine that’s infused with bitter quinine, herbs and spices, and served as a digestive. The paste will be available in coming months at Formaggio Essex on the Lower East Side.

And it captures what, in the end, gave Piedmont an edge. The region’s greatest joys weren’t concentrated in the middle of a meal or the center of a plate. They also popped up at the beginning, at the end and on the sides of my dinners and days, against a mountainous backdrop more dramatic and exhilarating than Emilia-Romagna’s fecund plains. It’s as if Piedmont’s food evolved to match the majesty of the setting.

Italians in Emilia-Romagna have certainly come to admire it. Whenever I asked them which other region’s cuisine they most admired, Piedmont was the first or second place mentioned. In Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna drew the most praise. The mutual flattery was definitive proof. Both of these regions have great taste.



Check Out My Other Blogs (click on blog name to go there) = / 1.3rd Eye Blog / 2. Favorites Blog/ 3. Vita Excolatur (Living Well ...) Blog/ 4. Humor Me Blog/ 5. News and Current Events Blog/ 6. Consider This ... Blog/ 7. Consumer Warnings Blog/ 8. New Orleans Pentimento Blog/ 9. We Constant Gardeners Blog/ 10. Chaillot Family Blog/

Sunday, October 22, 2006

Great Eating Worldwide

Journeys

An Epicurean Pilgrimage: Meals Worth the Price of a Plane Ticket

Jock Fistick/Reporters, for The New York Times

In Brussels, a table with a view of the action at Comme Chez Soi, where food “tastes like what it is.”


Published: October 22, 2006

Editor’s Note: R. W. Apple filed this article shortly before his death on Oct. 4. Originally assigned to be part of a special issue on travel and food, it reflects a lifetime of experiences of a man who once referred to himself, when interviewed by Calvin Trillin for The New Yorker, as “more gourmand than gourmet,” one who took equal pleasure in Michelin-starred restaurants and the street food of Singapore.

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Matias Costa for The New York Times

Imagination at work at Arzak in San Sebastián, Spain.

Jonathan Player for The New York Times

At Wilton’s in London, whole Dover sole is the choice of connoisseurs.

AFTER half a century of assiduous eating in restaurants around the world, first avocationally and more recently professionally, I have become accustomed to certain questions: “What’s your favorite restaurant?” “What will you order for your last meal on earth?” “Which is best — French cuisine? Italian? Chinese?” All unanswerable, of course. Now comes a more modest proposition: Name 10 restaurants abroad that would be worth boarding a plane to visit, even in these fraught days.

O.K. Here’s my list. Please note, this is neither an enumeration of my favorites (though some of those are included) nor a ranking of the world’s best (like those fatuous lists put out each year by Restaurant magazine in London). Rather than reciting a long list of two- and three-star gastronomic temples, I have chosen purlieus both grand and small, better to reflect my own eating habits. And rather than loading up my list with French and Italian addresses, I have arbitrarily restricted my choices to one per country, for much the same reason. I would expect no one else to choose the same 10, but on the other hand, I would be astonished if many of my nominations disappointed.

FLEURIE, FRANCE Auberge du Cep, Place de l’Église; (33-4) 7404-1077; perso.orange.fr/mercurebeaujolais/cep.htm.

French country cooking — or bistro cooking, as its urban variant is called — deserves, but is not often accorded, a place among the world’s culinary glories beside French haute cuisine. Based on regional products, honestly handled, “unfoamed and unfused” in the words of my friend Colman Andrews, late of Saveur magazine, it is the specialty of this small restaurant on the main square of a prettily named village in Beaujolais. It is a specialty unflinchingly embraced by its proprietor, Chantal Chagny, who five years ago banished lobster and truffles from her menu and turned her back on two Michelin stars in favor of the simpler dishes she adores, like herb-crusted, perfectly fried, never-frozen frogs’ legs, crisp-edged sweetbreads, soup made of garden herbs, roast wild duck from a local river and rosy tenderloin of regional Charolais beef, France’s best.

Love and skill are lavished on the simplest dishes — tiny, tender lamb chops, neglected freshwater fish like perch and pike-perch (sander), eggs poached in red wine (oeufs en meurette), toothsome squab, black currant sorbet, even snails — great fat ones, bubbling happily in their shells, bathed in garlic, parsley, butter and Pernod. Here is the food most of us travel to France to taste, and who can resist it once tasted? Here, too, are the little regional wines we search for — especially Beaujolais, 60 of them, including 30 from Fleurie itself, one of the 10 designated crus known for excellence.

SANT’AGATA SUI DUE GOLFI, ITALY Don Alfonso 1890, corso Sant’Agata 11; (39-081) 878-0026; www.donalfonso.com.

Americans of my vintage (b. 1934), weaned on the red-tablecloth food of the Italian south, were later taught that it was uncool, compared with the blander specialties of Milan and Venice. But we were also taught that in Italian cooking, the quality of ingredients is everything, and it is the south — the Mezzogiorno — that produces the juiciest fruits, the briniest clams and tuna, the best buffalo-milk mozzarella cheese, and the world’s most sumptuous tomatoes, known as San Marzanos and raised near Mount Vesuvius, just south of Naples.

Alfonso and Livia Iaccarino (she of the zippy white patent-leather boots) grow herbs, lemons and peaches, artichokes and eggplants and, of course, prize tomatoes, plus the olives for their own tangy, fruity oil, in a sun-kissed garden facing the Isle of Capri near their restaurant on the Sorrento peninsula. In their lovely pastel dining room, they serve fresh, understated, unmistakably Italian food in great profusion — ravioli with caciotta (a sheep’s milk cheese), wild marjoram, barely heated chopped tomatoes and basil; rolls of baby sirloin filled with raisins, pine nuts, parsley and garlic, atop a ragout of wild endive; rabbit simply but exquisitely grilled with herbs; squid and baby octopus of a very high caliber. The tufa cellar, first excavated by the Etruscans, is stocked with wines from all around the world.

SAN SEBASTIÁN, SPAIN Arzak, Avenida Alcalde Jose Elosegui, 273; (34-943) 27-8465; www.arzak.es.

I’ll take a pass here on El Bulli; for one thing, you don’t need me to tell you about it, and for another, Arzak is more to my taste. It is nicely poised between an older, French-inspired style of innovation, as represented by Juan Mari Arzak, who trained in the nouvelle cuisine kitchen of the Troisgros brothers in Roanne (where I myself spent a few happy days long ago), and the new wave of ground-breaking Spanish cooking, as exemplified by Ferran Adrià and his disciples, including Mr. Arzak’s daughter, Elena.

The result is an enriched, reinvigorated Basque cuisine that retains a sense of tradition and place. One fine Easter day, my wife, Betsey, and I ate our Paschal lamb — a custom throughout Christendom, and especially among the sheep-herding Basques — at the Arzaks’ 110-year-old roadside tavern, rated three stars in the Michelin guide. Rather than run-of-the-mill gigot, however, a faintly gamy deboned chop came to the table wearing a tissuelike coffee-flavored “veil” — a taste-enhancing shroud made by baking a layer of café con leche between sheets of Silpat pan liner. With the pan juices poured over the meat, partly melting the “veil,” you get a sauce remarkably reminiscent of American red-eye gravy.

Arzak’s food is modern and entertaining like that, often witty, never overwrought, limited largely to local ingredients — white tuna, fresh figs, fino sherry. Or a hyperfresh egg, seasoned with house-made truffle oil, wrapped in plastic film, poached and served with a slim txistorra sausage made not just with the traditional paprika but with dates as well. The egg emerged looking a little like a flower, and cutting into the ravishingly milky white revealed a richly orange yolk. Magic.

BRUSSELS Comme Chez Soi, Place Rouppe 23; (32-2) 512-2921; www.commechezsoi.be.

I’m an unapologetic classicist, no particular fan of foams and chemical legerdemain in the kitchen (although I have maintained a fondness for the then-revolutionary cuisine of Haeberlin, Bocuse and Guérard since encountering it for the first time in the 1960’s). I can still find refined food that tastes like what it is, to quote Curnonsky’s maxim, at Paris three-stars like Taillevent, but no place there or elsewhere excels Comme Chez Soi in this genre — and at Comme Chez Soi you dine in a superb décor of warm, tawny wood in the style of the great Belgian practitioner of Art Nouveau, Victor Horta. Nor is price a minor matter: a set-price meal is served at lunch and dinner, for 67 euros (about $85, at $1.30 to the euro), no snip but a real bargain in these days of watery dollars.

There is originality, even alchemy, in Pierre Wynants’s sole stuffed with crab, which comes to the table with shrimp in a tarragon sauce, but there is no trickery. Betsey and I feasted years ago on a saddle of lamb that was merely perfect, a triumph of technique.

Even on the small menu, generous to a fault, there is no dearth of imagination or regional and international inspiration; on one recent visit, it included a shimmering green pea soup with oxtail and Chimay beer, filets of eel with Espelette peppers from the Basque country, chicken with turmeric and apple chutney and the silkiest, most delicate floating island of my life, better even than my sainted grandmother’s.

LONDON Wilton’s, 55 Jermyn Street, SW1; (44-207) 629-9955; www.wiltons.co.uk.

Clubbish in location, in looks and for the most part clubbish in clientele, wonderful Wilton’s in fact affords a cheerful, courteous welcome to all who show up in properly sober clothes, ready to pay the sobering prices. The best English food (as opposed to the best food in England, which is so grandly cosmopolitan these days) is still that which has been least messed about with. That is just what Wilton’s delivers. “Noted since 1742 for the finest oysters, fish and game,” it says of itself, with every justification.

You might start with a half-dozen oysters. They will set you back a pretty penny, but then they are imposing creatures, five inches across, pale beige rather than silver-gray, in shells as flat as saucers. They come from West Mersea, on an island off the Essex coast, from beds that are harvested exclusively from rowboats, lest oil or gasoline pollute the waters. They are opened by London’s best oysterman, Patrick Flaherty, a 40-year veteran when I last checked. None of the briny juices escape. No nasty bits of shell creep in. Then maybe a wild salmon from the Spey in Scotland (increasingly rare), or a snowy hunk of halibut — “a nice piece of fish,” as I once heard Rex Harrison call it.

But whole Dover sole is the overwhelming choice of English connoisseurs: brushed with melted butter, sprinkled with salt and pepper, turned quickly on the grill so that the grill bars burn a dark lattice pattern into the fish, then cooked under the intense heat of the broiler for roughly 12 to 15 minutes. Perfectly simple, simply perfect and entirely sufficient. This is the porterhouse steak of fish. No sauce is needed, partly because cooking the fish whole (“on the bone”) helps to keep it moist. You may well come across an occasional apostate who insists upon tartar sauce (much too robust, in my view) or hollandaise (too rich). In game season, both partridge and grouse are exemplary.

GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN Sjomagasinet, Klippans Kulturreservat 5; (46-31) 775-5920; www.sjomagasinet.se.

I envy the Swedes their social conscience, their gift for design and urban planning and their fish. Especially their fish. And among their fish — sole, cod, plaice, scallops, langoustines — especially their unmatched herring. Leif Mannerstrom, who owns and cooks at this charming former warehouse of the Swedish East India Company, built on the waterfront in 1775, is so widely admired for his knowledge of things piscatorial that he is pictured on a national postage stamp, and more than 10,000 people come from all over Scandinavia each year for his Christmas-season feast of 16 herrings.

Matjes, pickled, fried or bathed in mustard-and-dill-sauce — the richly flavored herring — is, of course, available all year long at Sjomagasinet, to be devoured with well-aged, Cheddar-ish Vasterbotten cheese, with or without cumin, and icy draughts of O. P. Anderson, Gothenburg’s favorite aquavit. And all year long, Mr. Mannerstrom turns out a definitive version of Janssons Frestelse, or Jansson’s Temptation, a confection of scalloped potatoes, onions and herrings cured in the style of anchovies, which I find an inspired combination of salty and creamy flavors.

BUENOS AIRES Avenida Cabaña las Lilas, Alicia Moreau de Justo 516; (54-11) 4313-1336; www.laslilas.com.

I can hear you sputtering from here. What? Fly all night to Argentina to eat in a parilla when every big city in the United States boasts steakhouses promising (some even delivering) prime U.S.D.A. beef? Well, this is grass-fed beef, raised on the vast ocean of chlorophyll called the Pampas. It’s different. Some, including me, would say better, with a rounder flavor, leaner texture and sweeter fat. You eat in a handsome wood-and-leather room in the redeveloped Puerto Madero docklands area, and drink from a wine-wall stocked with fine Mendoza reds like those of Nicolas Catena.

Octavio Caraballo, the owner, supplies all the beef from his own ranch, or estancia. We flew there with him — big guy, bigger cigar, even at 8 in the morning — on his private plane, admired the spread and ate beef (what else?) for lunch. The selection was bigger at dinner back in town, with medallón de lomo (tenderloin) and cuadril (rump) and ojo de bife (rib-eye) covering every inch of the big grills. Little “bombon” sausages and sweetbreads, too.

Warning: They will ply you with so many delicious breads, so many salads and such superb cheese and olives and peppers, that you might not be able to do justice to the beef. Which would be tragic.

SHANGHAI Jean-Georges, 3 Zhongshan Dong Yi Lu 1; (86-21) 6321-7733; www.jean-georges.com.

I have lived in Asia and eaten more than my share of Chinese food, Lord knows, but I remain a man of the West, not the East, and I still find the Chinese passion for “gristly, slithery and squelchy textures,” as the English writer Fuchsia Dunlop calls them, hard to cope with. Delicacies like sea cucumber and bird’s nest have little taste, Asian friends tell me, but great “kou gan,” or mouth feel, which escapes me.

Hence I tread lightly here. I would happily fly to Shanghai to eat the seraphic — yes, seraphic — soup dumplings at Nan Xiang, or the snails with chopped, spiced pork at tiny Chun. But I would be more likely to go to Jean-Georges Vongerichten’s glamorous place on the Bund, the best of all his places, in my view, where the food is a little Eastern, a little Western.

A year ago, as I reported in the Travel section, Betsey and I ate a nearly flawless meal there. A single Kumamoto oyster wreathed in Champagne jelly was followed by raw tuna brightened by Thai chili paste. Then cubed raw kingfish with Taiwanese mangoes and chili-lemon granita was utterly irresistible — peppery, sweet and acidic, yellow and orange and red, all at once. A second trio, equally satisfying, comprised crab dumplings with black pepper oil and tiny local peas; seared sweet scallops from Dalian, nestling with clams in a tomato jus; and superbly fresh snapper with crunchy cucumber strips. Vaut le voyage, as Michelin would have it.

MUMBAI, INDIA Trishna, Birla Mansion, Sai Baba Marg, Fort; (91-22) 2270-3213.

This, I think, is the only truly remarkable restaurant I have ever discovered solely on the recommendation of a friend of a friend. Dubious, Betsey and I made our way there one night years ago and liked it so much that we went back 72 hours later. It was not the décor, which is shabby, or the service, which can be surly, and certainly not the menu, which is very nearly useless. It’s the food, stupid, the seafood.

Enormous king crabs fresh from the Indian Ocean, awash in butter, and seasoned with garlic and pepper until they make the lips tingle but not sting, draw an eager crowd of Mumbai businessmen and Bollywood stars to this little establishment on a crowded, noisy alley in the old Fort district. If you like, your crab will be brought to the table before cooking, still alive and dangling from a string held by a waiter.

These are among the world’s choicest crustaceans, and I say that as someone who lives 25 miles from the Chesapeake. But Ravi Anchan has plenty of other savory delights up his sleeve, including tender little pomfret (a kind of butterfish) barbecued in the style of Hyderabad, with black pepper; deep-fried squid; and gorgeous, never-frozen tiger prawns grilled with mint. Don’t mind the waiters; insist and they will bring what you want.

SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA Billy Kwong, 3/355 Crown Street, Surry Hills; (61-2) 9322-3300.

Among Sydney chefs, Tetsuya Wakuda, with his confit of Tasmanian ocean trout, and Neil Perry of Rockpool, with his mud crabs, get most of the international ink, and rightly so; they are as gifted as any of their counterparts in Europe or America. But I would head from my Qantas jet for Billy Kwong, my favorite neighborhood restaurant (whose neighborhood, unfortunately, is exactly 9,758 miles from mine). This is the trim, dark, bustling domain of Kylie Kwong, a 36-year-old wunderkind whose mile-wide smile and black-framed glasses are as well known Down Under as is Jacques Pépin’s cherubic face Up Here.

Her food is delicious, and her place gives off none of those Chinese-speakers-only vibes that plague us Anglophones; Ms. Kwong, Australian-born, speaks no Chinese herself. So order to your heart’s content, in English, and flail away as the plates arrive, rat-a-tat: prawn wontons, little flavor bombs bursting with the tastes of shellfish, black vinegar and chili oil; star-anise-flavored tofu and black cloud-ear fungus, with Thai and Vietnamese herbs; chive crepes with smoky caramelized eggplant salad; steamed line-caught blue-eyed cod with ginger and shallots; spectacularly crisp-skinned duck with a sauce made from ruby grapefruit; and sung choi bao — wok-fried mouthfuls of moist, gingery pork and vegetables, wrapped in crisp lettuce leaves. The inspiration is Cantonese, absorbed by Kylie at her mother’s table, but the execution is all her own.

I have shortchanged Turkey, Thailand and Japan. I know, and I apologize. Put it down to limited space and inadequate depth of knowledge. There should be enough here to hold you — hopefully to set you soaring — for a few weeks or months, or even years.



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Wednesday, October 18, 2006

Geriatric Specialty = GOOD

Geriatrics Lags in Age of High-Tech Medicine

Michael Stravato for The New York Times

Margaret Mary Collins, left, with Margaret Mary Foley, her grandmother, and Rose Clarke, an aide, at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.

Published: October 18, 2006

Margaret Mary Foley, 97, just wasn’t herself. Overnight, she stopped eating, went from mildly confused to disoriented, and was unable to urinate. When her panicked family rushed her to the emergency room, doctors did invasive tests, difficult for a woman her age, and then suggested surgery.

James Estrin/The New York Times

Dr. Carmel Bitondo Dyer of the Baylor College of Medicine runs a unit treating the frailest patients.

James Estrin/The New York Times

Margaret Mary Foley, 97, with Dr. Rosanne M. Leipzig, whose expertise in treating older patients saved Mrs. Foley from unnecessary surgery.

But when Mrs. Foley saw a geriatrician at Mount Sinai Medical Center, surgery proved unnecessary. The geriatrician, Dr. Rosanne M. Leipzig, suspected a silent infection — something the other doctors had missed because Mrs. Foley had no fever, as old people rarely do.

Indeed, within days, antibiotics had done the trick. For the Foley family, it was a welcome result. They had reason to count themselves fortunate to have found a doctor who specialized in treating the elderly.

Even as the population ages and more people like Mrs. Foley need them, geriatricians are in short supply. It is a specialty of little interest to medical students because geriatricians are paid relatively poorly and are not considered superstars in an era of high-tech medicine. In fact, the credo of geriatric medicine is “less is more.”

In 2005, there was one geriatrician for every 5,000 Americans 65 and older, a ratio that experts say is sure to worsen. Of 145 medical schools in the United States, only 9 have departments of geriatrics. Few schools require geriatric courses. And teaching hospitals graduate internists with as little as six hours of geriatric training.

The mismatch between supply and demand is “a troubling issue for us,” said Dr. Leo M. Cooney, a professor at Yale University School of Medicine. In a good year, Dr. Cooney said, one of 45 internal medicine residents decides to be a geriatrician.

The rest, he said, choose “super specialties” like cardiology or oncology. This, despite the fact that geriatricians reported the highest job satisfaction of any specialty in a 2002 survey in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine.

Interest is also low at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, which has a rare requirement that medical students do a four-week rotation in geriatrics. Eighty percent said it was time well spent, but less than 10 percent considered it as a career, said Dr. Marie A. Bernard, chairwoman of the geriatrics department. “They want to do laser-guided this and endoscopic that,” Dr. Bernard said.

Caring for frail older people is about managing, not curing, a collection of overlapping chronic conditions, like osteoporosis, diabetes and dementia. It is about balancing the risks and benefits of multiple medications, which often cause more problems than they solve. And it is about trying nonmedical solutions, like timed trips to the bathroom to improve bladder control.

But these are common-sense remedies in a health care system that rewards the heroics of specialists, in both compensation and prestige. The best-paid doctors are those who do the most procedures; radiologists and orthopedic surgeons top the list with average annual incomes of $400,000. Geriatricians, who do a residency in internal or family medicine and then a fellowship in geriatrics, are near the bottom, at $150,000 a year.

While fellow residents followed the money, Dr. Amit Shah, who had the luxury of no medical school debt, chose a geriatrics fellowship at Johns Hopkins University, despite being dissuaded by many people.

The most memorable discouragement came during his residency, from a pulmonologist, Dr. Shah said.

“When I passed him in the hall, he would shake his head and mutter, ‘Waste of a mind,’ ” he said. “My retort was always that the geriatric population is often the most complicated, not only medically but also socially and psychologically, and that was exactly the specialization you should want your top students going into.”

Reimbursement drives doctors’ compensation. Gastroenterology, for instance, became more lucrative — and popular — once Medicare, which sets the standard for most other health insurance, began paying for screening colonoscopies. Geriatricians joke that they are waiting for the invention of a geriscope, so that they too can bill for procedures.

Meanwhile, much of what they do — communicating with family members, discouraging unnecessary tests — is time consuming but not reimbursed.

Another disincentive is the lowly status of geriatrics at most of America’s medical schools, which expect more ambitious choices from top residents like Dr. Shah. In Britain, where every medical school has a geriatrics department, it is the third most popular specialty. Reimbursement there goes up with the age of each patient, a formula that improves compensation.

Historically, the explanation for not requiring geriatric training in this country has been that a majority of hospital patients are old, and thus doctors-in-training absorb what they need to know by osmosis. Nonsense, said Dr. Robert N. Butler, president of the International Longevity Center in New York and the first chairman of geriatrics at Mount Sinai. “All patients have hearts,” Dr. Butler said, “but that doesn’t make all doctors cardiologists.”

One proposed solution to the shortage is for geriatricians to limit their practice to the frailest of the elderly, generally those past 85, along with a subset in the 65-to-85 age bracket who have complicated needs. According to a 2002 study at Johns Hopkins University, 20 percent of those 65 and older have at least five chronic conditions.

Another solution, gaining a foothold among the nation’s top academic geriatricians, is to focus on teaching the core principles of their specialty to everyone, be they surgeons or discharge planners, because it is unrealistic to assume there will be enough geriatricians to go around.

“If we got to the point where everybody in the health care system was an expert in caring for older people, we wouldn’t need geriatricians,” said Dr. Cooney of Yale. “Or we wouldn’t need them as frontline providers. We’d be like consultants, making sure everyone else was as skilled as possible.”

Specialists, internists and emergency room doctors without sufficient training in geriatrics can pinpoint their own inadequacies. In recent surveys by The Journal of the American Medical Association, many said they were unprepared to deal with end-of-life decisions, communication with family caretakers, depression and other issues of aging.

That lack of training can lead to misdiagnosis, because it is often tricky to tell the difference between physical, psychological and cognitive conditions in this age group. That was the case for Rita Zaprutskiy, 75, of Houston who went to the emergency room with a painful arthritic knee, had surgery, was given an array of pain medications and then seemed to lose her mind.

Four hospitalizations and six months later, Mrs. Zaprutskiy’s daughter said, the family was urged to put her in a nursing home because of severe dementia. Instead, her daughter, Yelena Schwarz, tried one last psychological evaluation, at a county hospital, and unwittingly wound up in a geriatric unit. There the doctors knew, from the sudden onset of her symptoms, that Mrs. Zaprutskiy did not have dementia, but rather treatable psychiatric conditions, including depression.

One way to sharpen the skills of assorted specialists is to welcome them at continuing education classes for geriatricians. At a popular Mount Sinai seminar called “The Hazards of Hospitalization,” a nongeriatrician asked Dr. Helen M. Fernandez how she would deal with a 90-year-old woman in the emergency room with dizziness.

After hearing the woman’s history, Dr. Fernandez said she would fight against admission. “You need to be brave enough to march down to the E.R.,” she said, “and tell the attending she’s your patient and you want to peel her off some of her meds before doing a full cardiac work-up.”

In another course, “The 10 Minute Geriatric Assessment,” Dr. Fredrick T. Sherman told students to “get the focus off the stethoscope” and watch their patients move around. Can a woman get out of a chair without pushing off with her hands? That means she can still use the toilet. Can a man put on his socks? If not, he will soon need someone to dress and bathe him.

“We want to know what they can do and what they can’t do,” Dr. Sherman said. “That’s a better predictor of the future than a head-to-toe exam.”

A new form of geriatric training comes from elderly patients recruited as mentors, like Alberta Harris, 85, who lunches with students at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, regaling them with stories of her life. Residents learn other lessons when they visit the elderly at home. Many doctors consider family members impositions on their time. Seeing them as day-to-day caretakers makes it clear that in geriatrics, an adult daughter, like Mrs. Zaprutskiy’s, is an essential ally.

Ordinary floor nurses can also bring a geriatric sensibility to a hospital. An institute at the New York University School of Nursing helps small community hospitals identify nurses with an affinity for the elderly and provides them with a training curriculum and guidance on how that nurse can be a resource to others.

To increase the number of specialists, N.Y.U. and other nursing schools are building a cadre of geriatric nurse practitioners. Many work in hospital units reserved for the frailest patients, who can spiral downward quickly from a setback like a skin infection or a broken rib.

Mrs. Zaprutskiy was treated in such a unit, run by Dr. Carmel Bitondo Dyer of the Baylor College of Medicine. On a recent visit, while her daughter and doctor discussed the case, Mrs. Zaprutskiy played Russian and Yiddish folk songs on a piano in the day room, her crooked fingers moving gracefully across the keyboard.

Ms. Schwarz wondered if her mother’s psychiatric condition had been caused by medication. Dr. Dyer said there was no way of knowing for sure. But misdiagnosis and overmedication of the elderly is common.

“We see it all the time — elderly people who go from hospital to hospital with no results,” Dr. Dyer said.

“When patients are diagnosed correctly and care is managed accordingly, we see great improvements,” she continued. “Sometimes we don’t cure them; we just make them feel better. But that’s a good thing.”

Laura Griffin contributed reporting.



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Saturday, October 14, 2006

Rocketmen

A Cult of Backyard Rocketeers Keeps the Solid Fuel Burning

Jim Wilson/The New York Times

Brad Wright of Redmond, Wash., carries his rocket to the launch pad. More Photos >

Published: October 14, 2006

GERLACH, Nev. — Wedge Oldham, a 49-year-old software engineer from Los Angeles, finds nothing sweeter than spending a fall weekend in the Black Rock desert, barking rocket launching commands like “Are we good to go?” into the hot dusty wind.

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Jim Wilson/The New York Times

Peter Ekstrom, fingers crossed, as rocket left a trail of smoke. More Photos »

Nerves jangling, he awaits the moment when Carpe Diem, his homemade 18-foot-long rocket, hurls itself heavenward with 737 pounds of thrust, shockwaves — or “mach diamonds” — surging from its supersonic exhaust. With dazed exuberance he watches it recede into deep blue sky, and then, with the release of parachutes, gently drift four miles away, preserved for another flight.

At a cultural moment when billionaires like Paul G. Allen, the Microsoft co-founder, and Sir Richard Branson, the Virgin Atlantic chairman, are getting into the space business, the members of the Tripoli Rocketry Association are the ultimate do-it-yourselfers — backyard versions of Burt Rutan, the legendary engineer of the first privately financed manned rocket.

From Florham Park, N.J., and as far away as London, 100 launchers came — plumbers, paint contractors, firefighters, bankers and Silicon Valley techies united by their passion for building rockets capable of blasting 94,000 feet into the air, at nearly three-and-one-half times the speed of sound, as one record-setter did this weekend.

Members of a subculture, the hobbyists have been known to launch Weber grills, Port-A-Potties, bowling balls and pink flamingos. But once a year, on this bleak, 400-square-mile dry lake bed, they meet for the Indy 500 of rocketry, with waivers from the Federal Aviation Administration.

This year, the subculture itself is on the defensive, unsure whether it will soar or come crashing down in a “cato” — lingo for a catastrophic failure. Since Sept. 11, the rocketeers, about 6,000 nationwide, have had to contend with tougher restrictions from the federal government and local fire marshals, and are involved in a seven-year-old dispute with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives over their use of a propellant.

Bearing names like Questionable Mental Health and the Procrastinator, their rockets are usually restricted to low-altitude launchings from sorghum fields in Kansas, sod farms in South Carolina and frozen Lake Champlain in winter.

“A lot of guys close their eyes and see women. I close my eyes and see rockets,” said Ky Michaelson, 68, a junior high school drop-out from Bloomington, Minn., who has been called “the sultan of thrust” by Outside Magazine.

Mr. Michaelson shot the first amateur rocket into space, and his inventions include a rocket-powered sled that zooms uphill. His record-breaking launching was 72 miles up, at 3,420 miles per hour — factoids embroidered on his rocket-red satin shirt.

Like many of his brethren, Mr. Michaelson developed his passion early with a chemistry set he got for Christmas. He graduated to launching rocket cars in an alley in southern Minneapolis, and today he fills his home with space collectibles, including a hand-held toilet from the Russian space station Mir.

The talk in Nevada was technical minutiae — thrust ratios, fuel efficiency, altitudes. Even over a ravioli dinner at Bruno’s Country Club and Casino,the hobbyists were constantly gesturing in an upward trajectory, forks in hand.

The apogee of the weekend is when they push the button launching creations that teams have spent up to a year making at a cost of thousands of dollars.

“Every time I launch a rocket, a little of me goes up with it,” said Derek Stavenger, a 50-year-old painter from San Francisco. “It’s about escaping the bounds of our restrictive existence on the planet.”

Since the Sept. 11 attacks, the extreme rocketeers have seen their ranks dwindle. In many parts of the country, rockets are prohibited. Local groups face a welter of ordinances and safety codes, as well as F.A.A. restrictions. Tripoli extreme rocketeers also need federal low-explosives permits. On Tuesday, lawyers representing Tripoli and the National Association of Rocketry and officials of the firearms bureau will head to Federal District Court in Washington to resolve the seven-year-old dispute over the hobbyists’ use of a flammable propellant, ammonium perchlorate composite, or APCP. The chemical is the main ingredient on the space shuttle’s solid rocket boosters.

The firearms bureau classifies APCP as an explosive and, amid post-Sept. 11 security concerns, requires that anyone who uses more than two ounces of propellant undergo federal background checks.

“If I was an 18-year-old and told my mom I needed a low explosives permit and that an A.T.F. agent would come to my house, she’d say, Why don’t you just continue with your guitar lessons?” grumbled Ken Good, the president of Tripoli and a vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank in Cleveland.

Rocketeers say the agency has no right to regulate the propellant because it does not explode but rather “deflagrates,” or burns intensely at a controlled rate, like a road flare.

The agency is also concerned that large rockets could be used as weapons. But weapons experts say it is doubtful that the rockets could be significant threats because they do not have guidance systems, which are prohibited by federal law.

“Designing a rocket to go straight up and down is hugely different than making it controllable to hit any kind of a target,” said John Hansman, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Still, the unpredictable does happen. With a spectacular kaboom, an elegantly minimalist rocket designed by Alex McLaughlin, 29, a software engineer from Portland, Ore., broke apart at around 40,000 feet, the hobby rocket equivalent of the Death Zone on Mount Everest.

It is an unforgiving hobby, but it is arguably safer for participants than in the past. Like many of the Black Rock “rocket rats” — largely men of a certain age — Mike Mullane, 61, a retired space shuttle astronaut, recalled his boyhood rocketry experiments with black powder and other dangerous substances. Mr. Mullane said he was “reborn” the day Sputnik was launched in 1957. “It was the 9/11 of my childhood, a blow to the American ego,” he said.

The horizon was soon populated with rocket and moon clubs, with schools “passing out formulas for rocket fuel,” he said. Before the arrival of Estes rocket kits, “the only game in town was getting a steel tube, mixing hazardous material and lighting fuses in the desert,” an activity, he said, that was far riskier than three flights on the space shuttle.

On Oct. 20, 60 members of Tripoli will launch high-powered rockets at the first X Prize Cup in Las Cruces, N.M., in an expo that bills itself as “the world’s first space show.” The X Prize Foundation of Santa Monica, Calif., richly rewards private space innovation. The rocketeers will try to launch an unmanned replica of the Mercury Redstone, which first transported Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom into space.

With space entrepreneurship on the rise, including plans by Robert Bigelow, the owner of Budget Suites hotel chain, to invest $500 million in an inflatable space hotel for tourists, even members of this proletariat rocket nation are being tapped for real projects.

John Carmack, a member who is also the creator of the games Quake and Doom, recruited fellow hobbyists to help design a lunar landing vehicle for a competition sponsored by NASA and the X Prize Foundation.

“It’s more important to me to get people who are building, testing and flying things than an aerospace graduate who has never screwed two bolts together,” Mr. Carmack said.

David Reese, 19, a member of Tripoli since age 8, now works at the Rocket Propulsion Laboratory at the University of Southern California, where he is helping to develop a carbon fiber vehicle designed to go to the edge of space. He ecstatically broke his own record at Black Rock, with a launching of 17,230 feet.

“The Sony Playstation motto is, ‘Leave your world here and play in ours,’ ” Mr. Reese said of a more ubiquitous teenage pastime. “But why leave this world when you can hang out with a bunch of nerds and play with rockets in the middle of the desert?”



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