Saturday, February 24, 2007

Cruise Muse

Sailing With Few Frills or Inhibitions

Chris Ramirez for The New York Times

After an excursion, easyCruiseOne passengers relax in the hot tub before heading back out for dinner.

Published: February 25, 2007

O.K., so the guy from Southern California was telling me about Seaman's, the strip club on the island of St. Martin where he'd made the acquaintance of two prostitutes, while behind me the self-proclaimed Almost Cool Crowd — a handful of hard-partying Americans ranging from 26 to 42 years old — were drinking Carib beers and rum punches and dancing barefoot to Euro-ish rhythms spun by D.J. Dan, a diminutive music maestro with oversized black plastic eyeglasses and an unshakably ebullient demeanor.

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Interest Guide

Related

Ships Are Rocking More, and Not From Waves (February 25, 2007)

Chris Ramirez for The New York Times

Passengers head for the easyCruiseOne in Phillipsburg, St. Martin, one of six ports on its new itinerary in the Caribbean.

Chris Ramirez for The New York Times

An ocean-view cabin on the easyCruiseOne.

Chris Ramirez for The New York Times

Dario Endara, cruise director, gives a samba lesson.

But I couldn't concentrate on any of this, because right there, in a corner of Deck 5's outdoor bar, on the black-cushioned banquette next to the hot tub, two gorgeous French women — part of a trio who'd resolutely refused to converse with the rest of us — were engaged in an erotic wrestling match. They were slapping each other's faces with hands and flip-flops, their sundresses riding up their thighs, their mouths stretching to form wide, ecstatic smiles.

The girls had, as they say, gone wild.

If easyCruise — the two-year-old low-cost, no-frills cruise line that is an offshoot of easyJet, the low-cost, no-frills European airline — was aiming for a younger crowd, it had succeeded.

On my trip in mid-December, the 170-passenger easyCruiseOne's first week on a new itinerary in the Caribbean, I saw no walkers, no wheelchairs, no canes, no oxygen tanks. Nor did I spot red leisure suits, conga lines or contract-bridge addicts — hallmarks of the luxury cruise world that David Foster Wallace endured so memorably in his 1996 essay “A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again,” and that had left a generation of irony-drenched Americans — including me — dreading the gangway.

“This is a cruise for travelers, not grandmothers,” Mariah Wilson, a 26-year-old documentary producer from New York City, told me one night in the hot tub.

It's no surprise Grandma prefers Carnival and Princess. When I embarked in St. Martin, where the orange-and-black easyCruiseOne stops twice a week this winter, I was struck not just by its size — it looked like a dinghy next to the 2,500-passenger whales of the big cruise lines — but by where it had docked: at the sketchy cargo terminal. The passenger port had no room for the easyCruiseOne until that evening, when the behemoths departed.

My cabin, which cost $225 for four nights, was similarly tiny. A narrow hall led past the bathroom, with its mighty shower and gasping vacuum toilet, to a pair of white-sheathed mattresses on a platform mere inches above the floor. The ceiling, the shelves and the entire bathroom were, like much that bears the prefix easy-, orange. The whole setup could have fit inside the bedroom of my Manhattan tenement apartment.

This is just what easyCruisers expect. In fact, it's easyCruise's sales pitch. Nothing is included — not maid service (optional at $10 a day) or breakfast or offshore excursions or, most crucially, drinks.

But no matter: Since the cabins cost as little as $19 a night, depending on when you book and how many frills you're willing to do without (I splurged on a window), the $4 gin and tonics and $7 tropical fruit salads seem like nothing.

In any case, the ship itself is not the draw — the islands it visits are. EasyCruiseOne bounces between St. Martin, St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua, St. Bart's and Anguilla, arriving around 9:30 a.m. and rarely departing before 3 a.m. What this means is that, unlike passengers on most cruise ships, which generally leave port in the early evening, easyCruisers are not required to eat, drink and seek entertainment onboard, but rather have full days to explore the islands.

Often, this took the form of trips organized by Dario Endara, the boyish cruise director, who sent people snorkeling, sea-kayaking and on helicopter flybys of Montserrat, the island ravaged by volcanic eruptions in the 1990s.

Unsure of what to expect, I signed up for three trips in three days. The first, on St. Kitts, was a $55 hike led by an older man who pointed out fluffy egrets in acacia trees, scooped up almond pods from the forest floor and attributed all we saw to “the Almighty.”

Another hike ($35) took nine of us up Nevis's central mountain. At first, the guide, a biologist and former Peace Corps volunteer named Jim Johnson, seemed freakish with his unruly beard, nerd-worthy eyeglasses and professorial intensity. But as we trudged up the centuries-old trail and through the wet, muddy rain forest, we realized Jim knew his mountain.

Need a rain hat? He fashioned one from leaves and twigs. Want to open a coconut? He showed us how with a rock. Burned your hand on the caustic sap of the manchineel tree? Urinate on it, he said — or use vinegar.

Only one trip was a total bust: a $45 S.U.V. “safari” of Antigua, during which I and 11 other cruisers stared at dense but uniform foliage — broken only once by an inlet carpeted with water lilies stretching into the distance — until we reached the top of a hill overlooking English Harbour, where a fleet of fancy yachts were docked. Then we drove back to our ship. Whee.

Still, that trip taught me something — that easyCruisers are by and large independent. They rent scooters to explore islands on their own; they disappear into colorful towns and hunt down lesser-known beaches; they seek out restaurants far from the port and follow local residents to pubs where the cocktails don't bear cutesy, tourist-friendly names.

Indeed, my best times were when I went off on my own. My first night, wandering a boardwalk in St. Martin, I happened on three local men engaged in a passionate discussion that, as I joined in, ranged from Turkey's European Union prospects to the kidnapping of Patty Hearst to the real estate market in TriBeCa.

Another evening, in Antigua, I took a $15 cab ride to Deep Bay. This peaceful, out-of-the-way beach — which arced gently from an empty hotel to a fortress-topped hill and offered a perfect view of the sunset — was deserted but for a single woman doing her evening workout in the waves. She ran back and forth through the water, then onto the sand, where she stretched like a yogi and kicked like Bruce Lee and then just yelped for joy. I knew how she felt.

Whatever the day's activities, virtually everyone would return to the easyCruiseOne for two-for-one happy-hour cocktails and a soak in the hot tub before dinner back onshore.

This was where I befriended the Almost Cool Crowd, with whom I hung out for most of my trip. We watched the planes land next to Maho Beach on St. Martin, tracked down Antigua's best roti — an Indian flatbread stuffed with curry, $5 at Roti King — and knocked back yet more beers in yet more island bars.

Yes, there was a lot of drinking, but the easyCruisers I met were not simply drunken youngsters. My companion on the St. Kitts hike, for instance, was a woman from Houston hoping to understand her African-American heritage by learning about slavery in the Caribbean.

Locals, too, would board at each port of call since easyCruise offered them a way to visit nearby islands that might otherwise lie beyond their budgets. And numerous couples — young and old, married and dating — from England, France, Canada and the United States were onboard.

Quite quickly, a kind of community began to form. With only half the ship's cabins occupied, we learned each other's names and faces with relative ease, and it was common for strangers to coalesce around a breakfast table or trade stories of the day's adventures in the evening. (Making friends also cut costs: Taxis are cheaper when shared.)

We were helped along by the crew, a young, cheerful bunch who, when we ran into them off-duty onshore, were indistinguishable from us passengers.

Along with community, we had gossip. The easyCruiseOne was suffused with sex, and along with the topless body-shots and strip-club visits, there was constant talk about in-cabin video shoots and the occasional ménage à trois (or, some said, quatre). Certain passengers, we joked, put the “easy” in easyCruise.

Still, I think we all felt quite special. Those Carnival cruisers who had spent somewhat more were probably isolated, lost among the masses of their fellow passengers. We, however, were experiencing a novel, affordable form of adventure together, and when, say, the bearded, garrulous Dr. Lucky and his wife, Cupcake, urged us to visit them in Key West during Fantasy Fest, there was a genuine honesty to the invitation.

Which is why, perhaps, we were mystified by the antisocial French women. The trio stayed aloof the entire cruise, refusing to let anyone buy them drinks or engage in polite chitchat. One carried a novel to an offshore party the ship had organized, and she was once spotted in the ship's gym during happy hour, pedaling an exercise bike at full speed — in a dress.

Weird though they were, I worried that their apparent misery was not the cruise's fault but my own. Had the Almost Cool Crowd and I offended them with our stereotypically American behavior? If so, they had responded with equally clichéd French arrogance.

It wasn't until my last minute aboard the easyCruiseOne that I got an answer. As I hauled my bag down to shore, I bumped into the friendliest of the three, the one who hadn't sneered when I said hello, and asked how she'd found the cruise.

“I'm not sure I'm a cruise person,” she said, adding that she was writing about the trip for the French edition of Marie Claire.

She did not ask me the same question, but as I walked down the gangway, I realized I was, if not a cruise person, then at least an easyCruise person.

VISITOR INFORMATION

HOW TO BOOK

To book, visit www.easyCruise.com or call (650) 385-0563. The Caribbean cruises can be booked for three, four or seven nights. Cabins without windows start at $19 a person a night and suites with balconies are about $47 a person a night, double occupancy. St. Martin, where the easyCruiseOne docks twice a week (Mondays and Fridays), is probably the easiest place to embark because of airline service (Continental and American have flights there from the New York area), but you can get on at any of the islands the ship visits.

I spent $770 on my five-day, four-night vacation (not including airfare); if I were to go again, I would skip some activities, order food and drink differently and make the trip for $550. Comparing easyCruise with other lines is difficult, but Celebrity Cruises has a four-night trip to Key West and Cozumel out of Miami in March with an ocean-view cabin for $560 a person, but $1,021 for a single traveler, which I was.

WHERE TO EAT AND DRINK

Fusion4, the ship's main restaurant, offers good but not exceptional food, with the most expensive item being an $18 steak. Sun&moon, the Deck 5 bar and cafe, sells cheap snacks like spicy-sweet chicken wings, and pizzas and burgers.

Chances are, you'll eat mostly on the islands. In St. Martin, try the Holland House Beach Hotel (43 Front Street, Phillipsburg; 599-542-2572; www.hhbh.com), whose Ocean Lounge serves good tapas, like Indonesian chicken satay and grilled goat cheese on crostini ($6.95 each).

If you're flying out of the Princess Juliana Airport, check in early, walk 10 minutes to Maho Beach and munch a $10 yellowfin tuna burger at the Sunset Beach Bar (2 Beacon Hill Road; 599-545-3998; www.sunsetbeachbar.com).

In Basseterre, the capital of St. Kitts, head for Ballahoo (869-465-4197; www.ballahoo.com; about $25 a person for dinner or lunch) and eat conch chowder ($5.50) on the balcony overlooking the Circus, the town's colorful central square.

In Antigua, taxi drivers and easyCruisers agree: Roti King (corner of St. Mary's Street and Corn Alley, St. John's Town; 268-462-2328) makes the best roti in town, with a rich, sweet stew inside fresh flatbread, starting about $5.

Sunshine's (869-469-5817, www.sunshinenevis.com), a sprawling bar and grill on the beach in Nevis, is where everyone stops in for $5 Killer Bees (a kind of rum punch) and slabs of grilled fish ($18) caught that day.

MATT GROSS writes the Frugal Traveler column for the Travel section.



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Saturday, February 10, 2007

A Good Death

Part of living well is dying well.

Food for the Soul


Published: February 11, 2007

As surely as any celebrity chef touting extra virgin olive oil to the masses, the novelist and poet Jim Harrison has made a vocation out of appetite. But the hungers he addresses are as much those of the spirit as the belly, not that he makes much of a distinction between the two. For Harrison, to tuck into a slab of bacon is to feed the soul. His books glisten with love of the world, and are as grounded as Thoreau’s in the particulars of American place — its rivers and thickets, its highways and taverns. Bawdily and with unrelenting gusto, Harrison’s 40 years’ worth of writing explores what constitutes a good life, both aesthetically and morally, on this planet. On the basis of that work, which now includes the author’s ninth and most recent novel, the quietly magnificent “Returning to Earth,” we can extract what might be called Harrison’s Five Rules for Zestful Living.

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Jim Harrison

RETURNING TO EARTH

By Jim Harrison.

280 pp. Grove Press. $24.

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Forum: Book News and Reviews

Erik T. Johnson

1. Eat well, of course, avoiding the ninny diets and mincing cuisines that demonize appetite and make unthinkable a tasty snack of hog jowls. We’re all going to die. Might as well enjoy a little fat along the way. (In a 1971 “false memoir” called “Wolf,” written while Harrison was convalescing from a fall off a cliff, he suggested curing heartbreak by broiling a two- to three-pound porterhouse, eating it with your hands, followed by a hot bath in which you consume the best bourbon you can buy until the bottle is empty. Then sleep for a day. Ladies and gentlemen, this works.)

2. Pursue love and sex, no matter discrepancies of desire and age. Romance is worth the humbling. Doing it outdoors on stumps, in clearings and even swarmed by mosquitoes is particularly recommended.

3. Welcome animals, especially bears, ravens and wolves, into your waking and dream life. An acceptance of our common creaturedom is essential not just to the health of the planet but to our ordinary happiness. We are mere participants in natural cycles, not the kings of them.

4. Rather than lighting out for territory, we ought to try living in it.

5. And finally, love the detour. Take the longest route between two points, since the journey is the thing, a notion to which, contaminated by the Zen-fascist slogans of advertising (“just do it!”), we all pay lip service but few of us indulge.

While embodying these principles in the usual fashion, “Returning to Earth” represents an interesting new wrinkle in Harrison’s novelistic inquiry. Whereas his fiction generally wrestles with the nature of a good life, this novel explores the theory and practice (to steal a favorite phrase of the author’s) of a good death.

At 45, Donald is wasting away from a particularly aggressive case of Lou Gehrig’s disease. Beloved by his family and friends, he has a heroism that consists of thoroughly being himself — a lifelong resident of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, of Chippewa-Finnish extraction, a contractor steady in his affections, given to wry understatement and proud of his capacity for work. His young buddy, K, compares Donald to a tugboat, “slow to achieve speed but with an irresistible surge of power.” His son, Herald, says of him, “There aren’t very many people like my father anymore.”

In Donald’s opening monologue, a rambling family history for the benefit of his children, recorded by Cynthia, his wife and teenage sweetheart, Donald announces, “It seems I’m to leave the earth early but these things happen to people.” His mind remains clear while his body becomes “desiccated road kill,” as K puts it. Barely able to swallow, he must sniff rather than taste a final meal of barbecued pork ribs. However, Donald doesn’t rage against the dying of the light, nor indulge in the deathbed histrionics of Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilyich. Dying seems to strike him as no more an aberration than birds returning to their roost at dusk. His mortality evokes the sense of a man going home at twilight, of — echoing the book’s lovely title — returning to earth. A luminous, sad calm pervades this novel.

Donald decides to die in his own way at his chosen time. He selects a Friday in June, the summer solstice, as his last day on earth. The family drives north into Canada to the site of Donald’s vision quest several years earlier. K and Herald dig the grave, into which a medicine man tosses cedar branches. Wearing a bear-claw necklace, Donald perches at the edge of the pit, where Herald injects him with a fatal concoction of drugs. The family lowers him onto the boughs, where he reclines in his last moments, his wife beside him singing in his ear. Donald’s dignified death is of a piece with his life (my father, a doctor, once said that in his experience people died as they lived, in character right to the end).

This regal suicide marks only the halfway point of “Returning to Earth.” The novel’s subject now becomes an absence; Donald’s survivors must learn to negotiate the hole left in them by his departure. The book’s shape is thus revealed — that of a nautilus, spiraling around and outward from Donald’s death, the hollow at its center. In treating the raggedy contours of grief, Harrison shows no patience with that banality known as “closure.” “There’s much talk about ‘healing’ these days before the blood is dry on the pavement,” Donald’s brother-in-law, David, complains.

The family members reveal their suffering in distinctive ways. Donald’s daughter, Clare, with whom he was particularly close, roams the woods, looking to commune with her father’s spirit, which she believes has migrated into a bear. In winter, she decides to hibernate. While sitting in a grove of chokecherry and dogwood trees, brother-in-law David also senses the dead man’s arrival in the guise of a bear. He reflects how “the death of a man who was so loved seems to exhaust everyone as if they’re struggling in a vacuum and not quite enough air is being pumped in for survival.” Donald’s widow, Cynthia, typically a wiseacre, wastes away, mostly silent, unable to eat, burdened as well by her daughter’s newfound obsession with bears. The dead don’t go away; they merely change forms.

The suspense here is of the homeliest and shyest kind: when will the ice of grief begin to break? Throughout the final section, the mourners persevere in the half-light of the underworld, shadowed by returns — memories, animals, spirits. David and Cynthia are haunted by their recollection of their father, to whom Donald stands as polar opposite: the “man on earth least like my father,” according to Cynthia. The father came back from World War II an invisibly broken man who eventually raped and impregnated the daughter of his Mexican handyman. The justice he met is perhaps too sketchily described — one of the book’s few flaws — but even he is granted a measure of compassion.

As a rough rule, it seems that writers fall into two camps. There are those who delight in rousting the truth from its concealment amid pieties and convention. If they must strip-mine the world to expose its hypocrisy, they will do so, even if they leave a landscape barren of hope. Then there are those writers who prefer to remythologize life on earth, finding it rich with strange congruences and possibilities. Jim Harrison is a writer of the second type, and “Returning to Earth” is his extraordinary valediction to mourning. It sharpens one’s appetite for life even at its darkest.

Will Blythe is the author of “To Hate Like This Is to Be Happy Forever.”



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Thursday, February 08, 2007

Sleep Loss Solutions?


Can't Sleep? Read This

Published: April 2, 2006

TRY this sometime.

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Christopher Bissell/Getty Images

Plaster about two dozen electrodes to your face and head and tape some more to your chest and legs. Give yourself two to three feet of wire on each, and attach the other ends to the wall next to a bed, so they tug tightly when you move. Make sure the bed is in a room that you've never seen before, something that looks like a hospital room disguised as a hotel room. A kind of Soviet-era bugged spy box for information gathering, with a video camera, pointed at the bed, blinking silently from the ceiling.

Then turn out the lights and go to sleep.

I'm not a very cooperative lab rat, but this would describe a typical night at a sleep clinic, where data is gathered on how you sleep. This describes my night at the Center for Sleep Medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in Manhattan. I woke up the next morning at 7 with someone misting my head. That softens the glue on the electrodes. On the subway ride home I looked like an escapee, discs of plaster crusted on my skull. Just another alien abduction.

I have joined the national discussion on sleep, a statistic in what is being called an epidemic of sleeplessness, or the growing perception that in bed, extracurriculars aside, we're not being our personal best.

It is a discussion being conducted in doctors' offices, at dinner tables, on Web sites like talkaboutsleep.com and sandiegodreamcatchers.org, and in chat rooms, where people call themselves "midnightclyde" and "sleepymoon."

"Nutrition, physical fitness, now sleep," said Dr. William C. Dement, director of the Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Center at Stanford University, of the modern history of the American obsession with wellness.

Dr. Dement, who basically founded the idea of sleep medicine, is, at 77, the Sandman. He said the only periods during which he ever recalling losing sleep were when applying for grant money. "Twenty-five years ago everyone started jogging, worried about fitness," he said. "Now sleep is having its moment. Ninety percent of your waking health is dependent on your sleep."

Since 1970, when Dr. Dement founded his clinic, the nation's first, sleep has spawned university departments, associations, journals, conventions, academies and foundations like the National Sleep Foundation, which declared last week National Sleep Awareness week, ending today with daylight saving time, when we lose an hour of sleep by the clock whether we normally snooze with the gods or not.

Like many others, I complained to my doctor of poor sleep, and of tiredness during the day. He prescribed a sleep evaluation, to be conducted at a sleep clinic.

With baby boomers again leading the charge (I'm 54; you lose your natural gift for sleep as you age), sleep has become a commercial industry. In addition to pills (more popular than ever), breathing masks, nose pillows, hypnotic podcasts, aromatherapies and specialty bedding, there are sleep clinics like Mount Sinai's, which are proliferating.

With a tantalizing promise of self-improvement, like a day spa crossed with a night class, accredited facilities in the United States have tripled in number, to 963, in the last 10 years. (There are roughly 900 more unaccredited centers.) Sleep doctors warn that a shortage of trained, certified personnel like the technicians who administer the overnight testing could be sleep's next crisis.

"Think you have a sleep disorder?" asks the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which accredits sleep centers, at its Web site, www.aasmnet.org. "Find a sleep center near you!"

Dr. Stasia J. Wieber, director of the Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine at Mount Sinai, said of evaluations: "A lot of people do it because their friends did it. But we only do an overnight sleep study when it's indicated. Everyone leaves with a diagnosis, but not everyone gets thrown into the lab. A physician has to order the study."

The overnight evaluation at Mount Sinai costs $1,500; most insurance companies cover it.

I arrived at 8 in the evening with an overnight bag, filled out a form on my sleep habits to determine my overall sleep "hygiene," then changed into my nightwear (tattered workout clothes) and sat in a chair watching "Armageddon" without sound on a corner television while a technician worked behind me, wiring my head.

Mount Sinai also evaluates pediatric sleep disorders. Down the hall, someone sang a lullaby, with the soft disembodiment that foreshadows horrible events in movies. On the television Bruce Willis said goodbye to Earth, his finger on the bomb.

Lights out. During the night, as I traveled between wakefulness and sleep, sending back streams of data like a space probe, the technician appeared and disappeared, adjusting my wires, and exiting my consciousness in a ring of light — the door to the corridor — like a spectral visitor, a goblin that only the sixth-sensed see. He monitored my voyage from a desk somewhere in the clinic, taking notes as I sped through the blackness.

The next morning, miles from a cup of coffee, my head damp with mist and dotted with what looked like old toothpaste, I filled out another form, asking, among other things, what I had dreamed about.

"I dreamed I was wired to a bunch of wires, in a threatening tangle, that pulled me back to a wall every time I tried to escape," I wrote, truthfully.

"Perhaps it was not a dream," the technician said, reviewing my responses, with a graveyard humor that was also chilly and serious. Working nights will do it to you.

During an office visit with Dr. Wieber two weeks later, I was told I have sleep apnea. I stop breathing 16 times an hour as I sleep, which she explained is considered moderate.

When you stop breathing, because of an inadequate passage for air between your tongue and the back of your throat, your body sends a message to your brain that something is going wrong, and your brain, in an emergency response, wakes you up. You lose sleep. And you are at increased risk for heart attack and stroke, studies have shown.

Medically, the first line of defense is a machine with a mask called a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) device. Then there is a Clockwork Orange-like dental device, which is not effective in every case, explained Dr. Wieber. And there was a surgical procedure, for select cases.

Rock, hard place.

The CPAP (pronounced SEE-pap) mask was simpler and showed great success, she said. But it meant snorkeling your way down into the deep of sleep, more scuba diving than sheep counting. Every single night. And you look like Dennis Hopper in "Blue Velvet," to yourself and anyone else. I freaked out.

In a subsequent telephone conversation, Dr. Wieber assured me I was not alone.

"It's hard to wear a mask every night," she said, adding that for patients who are hearing of apnea and its treatments for the first time, the mask "might come as a shock." But she added that 70 to 75 percent adopt it, and compliance is good.

"For people walking around tired all day, it's a no-brainer," said David Schneiderman, 44, chief operating officer for a commodities clearing corporation in New York, with assurance. Mr. Schneiderman, who was diagnosed with apnea in 2002 and who wears a CPAP mask every night, recalled his wife and daughter telling him that before he was evaluated, he slept like a man in a cartoon.

"The dresser drawers would pull out and push in, from my snoring," he said. Now, with his snorkel-like CPAP in place as he prepares for bed, "my daughter comes in to kiss me goodnight: 'Goodnight Darth,' she says." Mr. Schneiderman added that he slept so well that he could no longer nap during the day.

Apnea, a recognized threat, is the tip of the iceberg, say sleep doctors. There are more than 80 identifiable sleep disorders, including restless leg syndrome and classics like insomnia.

"People think if you have apnea you die," said Dr. Thomas Roth, director of the Sleep Disorder and Research Center at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, who is cynical about the nation's discussion on sleep and the fashionable interest in the subject, and recited the rest of the wives' tales that have garnered the greatest media attention. "If you have insomnia, you're neurotic. If you don't sleep a lot, you're macho."

Dr. Roth, like many sleep specialists spoken to, believes the awareness of inadequate sleep, or the importance of good sleep hygiene, is still developing.

"Go to every school in the state and see how many have taught one word about sleep," he said. "My daughter's high school hygiene and health textbook? One page. That will be hard to justify to kids, because they don't sleep well either."

In a study released on Tuesday the National Sleep Foundation reported that more than half of the teenagers polled, ages 11 to 17, said they got less sleep than they thought they should, and a third suspected they had a sleep disorder. Only 7 percent of the parents polled thought their children had problems sleeping, though 28 percent of the teenagers said they fell asleep in class and were too tired to exercise.

More than half said they had driven while drowsy during the last year. Caffeine and electronic games, computers, personal telephones and televisions in the bedroom were culprits called out in the study: familiar to teenagers, but absent in their parents' suppositions about how much, or how well, their children sleep.

"Changing human behavior is a very difficult challenge," said Dr. Roth, who expressed pessimism about people's ability to embrace better sleep habits when, like eating or exercise, changing them went to the core of how people liked to live. He compared the epidemic of sleeplessness to the national epidemic of obesity, which is worsening.

And then there is blissful denial. If only that could help you sleep. "Ninety percent of the time, people with sleep problems think they're champion sleepers, and that they're just somehow too sleepy," said Dr. Meir Kryger, director of the sleep disorder clinic at St. Boniface General Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, of his adult patients.

"It's a strange business," he said of sleep.

Tell me about it. Just not before I turn out the light.



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Wednesday, February 07, 2007

Immature eggs

What the Egg Was First

Tony Cenicola/The New York Times

DELICACY Unlaid eggs, from hens destined for the soup pot, being cured in salt at Blue Hill in Greenwich Village.

Published: February 7, 2007

DAN BARBER had a culinary epiphany in Italy a couple of months ago over a plate of tagliatelle, one that sent him running back to his kitchen in an experimental mode. When he inquired about the pasta, he was told that its secret ingredient, what made it especially absorbent, were the eggs. But these were something quite different from the ordinary kitchen staples that come 12 to a cardboard carton.

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Tony Cenicola/The New York Times

An egg that had started to form its shell.

Mr. Barber, the chef and an owner of Blue Hill in Greenwich Village and Blue Hill at Stone Barns in Pocantico Hills in Westchester County, had just been introduced to the wonders of eggs that are described, with varying degrees of delicacy, as immature, unborn, unlaid or embryonic. In plain English, these are eggs that have not been laid and are sometimes discovered when an elderly laying hen is slaughtered.

The chef’s mind flashed back to his own farms and the 1,300 laying hens that provide his kitchens with eggs. When their production slows down they are slaughtered and sold at a farmers’ market as stewing hens, complete with eggs. He was embarrassed, he said, to think how he had been wasting them.

This mostly lost treat is remembered well by anyone who grew up on a farm with laying hens, or who bought chickens from an old-fashioned butcher before the advent of factory farming. Now, when the tough old birds have stopped laying they are shipped off to places like Campbell’s, where they become chicken soup. They are worth so little that many are incinerated, their immature eggs unharvested.

Upon his return from Italy Mr. Barber instructed his staff to start harvesting the eggs, and for two months they have been experimenting. There is a lot of trial and error in the kitchen of a creative chef, but he has deemed some of the results good enough to serve at his two restaurants. Not everybody loves them, but ever since Mr. Barber dropped the term “embryonic eggs” from the menu in favor of “immature,” fewer customers have balked.

Last week in Pocantico Hills Mr. Barber shared his experiments with me. First, several of his cooks demonstrated the process of extracting the eggs from six recently slaughtered laying hens. They drew a crowd of waiters and cooks into the kitchen with considerable oohing and aahing and cries of “awesome” as 30 eggs, in varying stages of maturity, were extracted.

José Dejesus, a waiter and bartender from the Dominican Republic, remembered his mother telling the butcher not to remove the eggs. “I was always into their taste,” he said.

Some of the eggs were the size of a miniature marble; others as large as one fully matured inside a shell. Some yolks had already begun to form the albumen, the white, and a couple, one of the farmers said, would have had a shell by the next day.

Mr. Barber tried lightly scrambling the eggs with fresh herbs from the greenhouse garden and served them in eggshells. This is what the unlaid egg should taste like: a deep, concentrated flavor, a hint of sweetness, but not overly rich. “You don’t get that in a full egg,” Mr. Barber noted.

One of his biggest hits is a two-yolk treat. He injects the immature yolk into an ordinary egg after the egg has been barely poached using a method similar to sous vide, at very low heat for an hour and 20 minutes. The albumen coagulates but the yolk stays runny.

The two-yolk egg is topped with minced dried winter vegetables like salsify, beets and potato. It is served on a bed of sautéed spinach, the plate drizzled with a ring of black beluga lentils flavored with minced pickled vegetables. The mellow creaminess of the egg is highlighted by the crispness of the vegetables, and its sweetness plays in counterpoint to the lentils.

His next challenge was to recreate the tagliatelle that began this whole process, and on Sunday he sent an e-mail message to say it was fantastic. “I’m struck by the flavor of the pasta itself,” he wrote, “and, of course, the color, which may come with a warning to wear sunglasses when looking at it — very bright yellow.”

Other experiments, including drying the eggs to use as a topping like bottarga, were less successful. The flavor and texture that make the yolks so special were lost.

The collection of yolks brought back childhood memories of fighting with my cousin over who got the pureys, as we called them, after the name for miniature marbles. My aunt cooked them in chicken soup (along with the gizzard, neck and feet). Mr. Barber had one cooked for me in chicken stock and my taste memory was confirmed: tender and moist with all the deliciousness of a just-laid egg.

A vastly overcooked version of unlaid eggs is still available at Sammy’s Roumanian Steak House on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The owner, David Zimmerman, would not divulge his source but said he keeps the supply in the freezer.

Floyd Cardoz, the executive chef at Tabla, remembers them fondly from his childhood in India. His family would visit his great-grandmother in Goa, who raised her own chickens. Before she slaughtered them she checked for unlaid eggs, but if she missed one she would put it in the curry.

“It made the dish very different,” Mr. Cardoz said, “and we as kids always looked in the curry to find the egg. We loved them. Maybe that’s where my love for egg yolks comes from: the creaminess of yolk in the curry had incredible flavor.”

Gabriel Kreuther, executive chef at the Modern, remembers them from his childhood in Alsace. When he was served one at Stone Barns, he said, it made him smile. In Alsace the eggs were a big treat in chicken soup, he said, mixed with a little cream, and as a topping for bouchée à la reine, puff pastry shells filled with chicken meat, the vegetables from the soup and a very light béchamel, with unlaid eggs on top.

“They were like a condiment, like a very good olive oil on top of a salad,” he said. “The eggs should be treated simply because you want the flavor of the egg.”

Mr. Kreuther wants them to remain a treat. “I hope it’s not going to turn into a gimmick, and you find it on every menu.”



Check Out My Other Blogs (click on blog name to go there) = / 1.3rd Eye Blog / 2. Favorites Blog/ 3. Vita Excolatur (Living Well ...) Blog/ 4. Humor Me Blog/ 5. News and Current Events Blog/ 6. Consider This ... Blog/ 7. Consumer Warnings Blog/ 8. New Orleans Pentimento Blog/ 9. We Constant Gardeners Blog/ 10. Chaillot Family Blog/

Sunday, February 04, 2007

Texas Ladies

Op-Ed Contributor

Lone Starlets

Published: February 3, 2007

HOUSTON

THE last few months have provided hard times for iconic Texas women and the Texans — and others — who worshipped them. Last September, we lost both a former governor, Ann Richards, and a former state first lady, Nellie Connally. When the columnist Molly Ivins died on Wednesday, it seemed that a certain kind of Texas woman might be gone forever.

If you’ve read the obituaries, you know the type: the funny, brave, irreverent kind, who spoke out against a life in a (supposedly) brutal, backward state. It was Ms. Richards who insisted that the elder President Bush was born with a “silver foot in his mouth,” and Ms. Ivins who insisted that the younger one had rightfully earned the nickname of “Shrub.” Mrs. Connally, less well known outside the state, was almost as funny and probably more beloved here, because she delivered her barbs in private.

As befits most icons, all of these women went by their first names among people who didn’t know them. They will be remembered for their strength and their wit, but what stays with me even more is their fragility and their anger. I wrote about them all over the years, and with each of their deaths I found myself thinking, amid the tributes, that being a Texas icon of the female variety probably wasn’t all it was cracked up to be.

You can make the case that fury goes with the territory here. The male-dominated, rough-and-tumble Texas these women grew up in wasn’t hospitable to ladies in smarty pants; all three had to come up with novel ways to satisfy their needs and ambitions in a circumscribed world.

Ms. Ivins and Ms. Richards in particular were very interested in bringing about social change; the relationship between the state as a whole and the liberal coterie of which they were an integral part is one of the great, doomed romances of Texas history. Mrs. Connally was far from a liberal Democrat — her husband, Gov. John Connally, famously jumped from the Democratic Party to the Republicans — but she, too, triumphed over a youthful shyness to serve as her spouse’s most undying loyalist, whether he was pushing for school reform in Texas or, later, trying to escape scandal in Washington.

In other words, rather than flee the state for friendlier waters, all three far preferred to stay and swim upstream. All three, in fact, felt a deep obligation to their home state: it energized them as it defined them — favorably — to the outside world, which always felt better when it could look down on Texas.

Nellie Connally had little choice but to play the part of the gracious, loving wife; there wasn’t much else a woman of her generation could do (she was 87 when she died). She was a former beauty queen who married a true prince of Texas and became a very popular first lady. Yet when I last interviewed her in 2003 she was living in a two-bedroom apartment overflowing with memorabilia, waiting each day to have her two allotted drinks with Dan Rather at 5:30. She had attentive children and grandchildren, but she had by then lost a daughter to suicide, struggled with breast cancer, and endured her husband’s very public bankruptcy.

And, of course, after the deaths of her husband in 1993 and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis the next year, she alone lived to tell the tale of what happened in President John F. Kennedy’s car on Nov. 22, 1963. I heard her describe it three times to three different audiences during the course of a few weeks. (It was Nellie, ever smoothing things over, who said, “Mr. President, you can’t say Dallas doesn’t love you,” just before the shots were fired.) As horrible as that memory was, it kept her tied to history, and, more important, to the love of her life — a man who suffered from such profound arrogance and vanity that his personality has come to overshadow his many accomplishments.

When you saw Ann Richards’s weathered face you knew just what 73 years of life had cost her. Sure, she had given herself over to the harsh Texas sun on too many outings; but, like Nellie Connally, there had been other costs: she, too, had played geisha, not to an ambitious husband but to a group of ambitious Texas liberals. It was Ms. Richards who had planned the drunken, irreverent costume parties — memories of the time are hazy, but she once went, or dressed a friend up, as a tampon. Then she got up next morning to pack the children’s lunches.

She did it all, pretty near perfectly for a while: a beautiful young woman of supreme competency with a tart tongue and ambitions far beyond the P.T.A. Triumphing over all that — as well as smoking, drinking and divorce — formed part of her campaign story when she ran for governor in 1990, and made her victory all the sweeter.

But her pain, smoothed over in folksy public speeches and slick campaign commercials, could catch you up short: when I traveled with her during her first gubernatorial campaign I marveled at how trussed up and hostile she was, how her coterie of female supporters were protective to a fault, trying to shield her from criticism. In the end, she lost her taste for the fight, and essentially ceded the 1994 gubernatorial election to George W. Bush.

Being a decade younger than her friend Ann Richards, Molly Ivins never had to serve as anyone’s geisha, and she never would have. But she was a big, smart, ungainly girl in a state where a female could suffer something close to capital punishment for those crimes; in self-defense she turned the cracker vernacular on the crackers and won fame for herself in the process, playing the Professional Texan. (Those hacks in the Legislature wouldn’t have given a Smith graduate from ritzy River Oaks the time of day, but a hard-drinking, foul-talking, big-boned country girl? Well, that worked.)

But in private, Ms. Ivins, too, battled alcohol, and had her coterie of human shields; they were protecting a woman whose loneliness was as incomprehensible as it was omnipresent. She was a performer who rarely allowed herself to be offstage, which, of course, ensured that the majority of us kept our distance.

There aren’t so many iconic women left in Texas, now — Lady Bird Johnson and the oil baroness Lynn Wyatt come to mind — but maybe that’s to the good. We don’t have to fight so hard to be heard, or noticed, or to avoid being taken for a hick. It’s easier for us, but for everyone who knew them, maybe, not quite as much fun.

Mimi Swartz is an executive editor of Texas Monthly magazine.



Check Out My Other Blogs (click on blog name to go there) = / 1.3rd Eye Blog / 2. Favorites Blog/ 3. Vita Excolatur (Living Well ...) Blog/ 4. Humor Me Blog/ 5. News and Current Events Blog/ 6. Consider This ... Blog/ 7. Consumer Warnings Blog/ 8. New Orleans Pentimento Blog/ 9. We Constant Gardeners Blog/ 10. Chaillot Family Blog/